▶ 調査レポート

世界の歯科インプラントアバットメントシステム市場:市場規模・現状・予測

• 英文タイトル:Global Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size, Status and Forecast 2019-2025

QYResearchが調査・発行した産業分析レポートです。世界の歯科インプラントアバットメントシステム市場:市場規模・現状・予測 / Global Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size, Status and Forecast 2019-2025 / QYR9N7082資料のイメージです。• レポートコード:QYR9N7082
• 出版社/出版日:QYResearch / 2019年6月14日
※2024年版があります。お問い合わせください。

• レポート形態:英文、PDF、93ページ
• 納品方法:Eメール(受注後2~3営業日)
• 産業分類:医療・製薬・バイオ
• 販売価格(消費税別)
  Single User¥577,200 (USD3,900)▷ お問い合わせ
  Enterprise License¥1,154,400 (USD7,800)▷ お問い合わせ
• ご注文方法:お問い合わせフォーム記入又はEメールでご連絡ください。
• お支払方法:銀行振込(納品後、ご請求書送付)
レポート概要
当資料は、歯科インプラントアバットメントシステムのグローバル市場について調査・分析したレポートで、種類別(ストック/プレハブアバットメントシステム、カスタムアバットメントシステム)、用途別(病院、歯科医院、その他)、主要地域別(アメリカ、ヨーロッパ、中国、日本、東南アジア、インド、中南米)の市場規模、市場予測、関連企業情報などが含まれています。

・歯科インプラントアバットメントシステムの世界市場規模
・主要企業別市場シェア
・歯科インプラントアバットメントシステムの世界市場規模:種類別(ストック/プレハブアバットメントシステム、カスタムアバットメントシステム)
・歯科インプラントアバットメントシステムの世界市場規模:用途別(病院、歯科医院、その他)
・歯科インプラントアバットメントシステムのアメリカ市場規模(種類別、用途別)
・歯科インプラントアバットメントシステムのヨーロッパ市場規模(種類別、用途別)
・歯科インプラントアバットメントシステムの中国市場規模(種類別、用途別)
・歯科インプラントアバットメントシステムの日本市場規模(種類別、用途別)
・歯科インプラントアバットメントシステムの東南アジア市場規模(種類別、用途別)
・歯科インプラントアバットメントシステムのインド市場規模(種類別、用途別)
・歯科インプラントアバットメントシステムの中南米市場規模(種類別、用途別)
・主要企業別分析(企業概要、製品動向、販売量など)
・歯科インプラントアバットメントシステムの世界市場予測(2019年-2025年)
・歯科インプラントアバットメントシステムの地域別市場予測(2019年-2025年)
...

Dental implants are artificial tooth roots made of materials such as titanium or zirconium that could be inserted into the jaw. They not only allow the replacement of the missing tooth for cosmetic and practical reasons, but also preserve the jaw structure by preventing bone restoration or atrophy. Compared to conventional fixed bridges or dentures, they require no grinding down of healthy neighboring teeth, do not cause discomfort when eating or speaking, and are long-lasting with a natural appearance. Another variation is when the crown and abutment are one piece and the lag-screw traverses both to secure the one-piece structure to the internal thread on the implant. Regardless of the type of abutment, after the abutment is attached to the implant, an impression is made and the designed restoration is constructed at the dental laboratory.A growing prevalence of local manufacturers and an increasingly cost sensitive consumer demographic is contributing to the overall price depreciation and the declining market share of premium implants. Historically, premium dental implant abutment companies have dominated the global competitive landscape but have recently faced rising competition from value and discount brands. The latest and advanced production technologies have also encouraged manufacturers to increase the production of dental implants. Companies have also expanded their dental offerings to meet the demands of cost-conscious patients as well as physicians.
In 2018, the global Dental Implant Abutment Systems market size was xx million US$ and it is expected to reach xx million US$ by the end of 2025, with a CAGR of xx% during 2019-2025.

This report focuses on the global Dental Implant Abutment Systems status, future forecast, growth opportunity, key market and key players. The study objectives are to present the Dental Implant Abutment Systems development in United States, Europe and China.

The key players covered in this study
Zest Anchors
Zimmer Dental
Nobel Biocare Services
Dynamic Abutment Solutions
Institut Straumann
Ditron Dental
Friadent
Glidewell Laboratories
Cendres+Metaux
Adin
Bioconcept
Cortex Dental

Market segment by Type, the product can be split into
Stock/Prefabricated Abutment Systems
Custom Abutment Systems

Market segment by Application, split into
Hospitals
Dental Clinics
Others

Market segment by Regions/Countries, this report covers
United States
Europe
China
Japan
Southeast Asia
India
Central & South America

The study objectives of this report are:
To analyze global Dental Implant Abutment Systems status, future forecast, growth opportunity, key market and key players.
To present the Dental Implant Abutment Systems development in United States, Europe and China.
To strategically profile the key players and comprehensively analyze their development plan and strategies.
To define, describe and forecast the market by product type, market and key regions.

In this study, the years considered to estimate the market size of Dental Implant Abutment Systems are as follows:
History Year: 2014-2018
Base Year: 2018
Estimated Year: 2019
Forecast Year 2019 to 2025
For the data information by region, company, type and application, 2018 is considered as the base year. Whenever data information was unavailable for the base year, the prior year has been considered.

レポート目次

Table of Contents

1 Report Overview
1.1 Study Scope
1.2 Key Market Segments
1.3 Players Covered
1.4 Market Analysis by Type
1.4.1 Global Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size Growth Rate by Type (2014-2025)
1.4.2 Stock/Prefabricated Abutment Systems
1.4.3 Custom Abutment Systems
1.5 Market by Application
1.5.1 Global Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Share by Application (2014-2025)
1.5.2 Hospitals
1.5.3 Dental Clinics
1.5.4 Others
1.6 Study Objectives
1.7 Years Considered

2 Global Growth Trends
2.1 Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size
2.2 Dental Implant Abutment Systems Growth Trends by Regions
2.2.1 Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size by Regions (2014-2025)
2.2.2 Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Share by Regions (2014-2019)
2.3 Industry Trends
2.3.1 Market Top Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
2.3.3 Market Opportunities

3 Market Share by Key Players
3.1 Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size by Manufacturers
3.1.1 Global Dental Implant Abutment Systems Revenue by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
3.1.2 Global Dental Implant Abutment Systems Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
3.1.3 Global Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
3.2 Dental Implant Abutment Systems Key Players Head office and Area Served
3.3 Key Players Dental Implant Abutment Systems Product/Solution/Service
3.4 Date of Enter into Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market
3.5 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans

4 Breakdown Data by Type and Application
4.1 Global Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size by Type (2014-2019)
4.2 Global Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size by Application (2014-2019)

5 United States
5.1 United States Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size (2014-2019)
5.2 Dental Implant Abutment Systems Key Players in United States
5.3 United States Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size by Type
5.4 United States Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size by Application

6 Europe
6.1 Europe Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size (2014-2019)
6.2 Dental Implant Abutment Systems Key Players in Europe
6.3 Europe Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size by Type
6.4 Europe Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size by Application

7 China
7.1 China Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size (2014-2019)
7.2 Dental Implant Abutment Systems Key Players in China
7.3 China Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size by Type
7.4 China Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size by Application

8 Japan
8.1 Japan Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size (2014-2019)
8.2 Dental Implant Abutment Systems Key Players in Japan
8.3 Japan Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size by Type
8.4 Japan Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size by Application

9 Southeast Asia
9.1 Southeast Asia Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size (2014-2019)
9.2 Dental Implant Abutment Systems Key Players in Southeast Asia
9.3 Southeast Asia Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size by Type
9.4 Southeast Asia Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size by Application

10 India
10.1 India Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size (2014-2019)
10.2 Dental Implant Abutment Systems Key Players in India
10.3 India Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size by Type
10.4 India Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size by Application

11 Central & South America
11.1 Central & South America Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size (2014-2019)
11.2 Dental Implant Abutment Systems Key Players in Central & South America
11.3 Central & South America Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size by Type
11.4 Central & South America Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size by Application

12 International Players Profiles
12.1 Zest Anchors
12.1.1 Zest Anchors Company Details
12.1.2 Company Description and Business Overview
12.1.3 Dental Implant Abutment Systems Introduction
12.1.4 Zest Anchors Revenue in Dental Implant Abutment Systems Business (2014-2019)
12.1.5 Zest Anchors Recent Development
12.2 Zimmer Dental
12.2.1 Zimmer Dental Company Details
12.2.2 Company Description and Business Overview
12.2.3 Dental Implant Abutment Systems Introduction
12.2.4 Zimmer Dental Revenue in Dental Implant Abutment Systems Business (2014-2019)
12.2.5 Zimmer Dental Recent Development
12.3 Nobel Biocare Services
12.3.1 Nobel Biocare Services Company Details
12.3.2 Company Description and Business Overview
12.3.3 Dental Implant Abutment Systems Introduction
12.3.4 Nobel Biocare Services Revenue in Dental Implant Abutment Systems Business (2014-2019)
12.3.5 Nobel Biocare Services Recent Development
12.4 Dynamic Abutment Solutions
12.4.1 Dynamic Abutment Solutions Company Details
12.4.2 Company Description and Business Overview
12.4.3 Dental Implant Abutment Systems Introduction
12.4.4 Dynamic Abutment Solutions Revenue in Dental Implant Abutment Systems Business (2014-2019)
12.4.5 Dynamic Abutment Solutions Recent Development
12.5 Institut Straumann
12.5.1 Institut Straumann Company Details
12.5.2 Company Description and Business Overview
12.5.3 Dental Implant Abutment Systems Introduction
12.5.4 Institut Straumann Revenue in Dental Implant Abutment Systems Business (2014-2019)
12.5.5 Institut Straumann Recent Development
12.6 Ditron Dental
12.6.1 Ditron Dental Company Details
12.6.2 Company Description and Business Overview
12.6.3 Dental Implant Abutment Systems Introduction
12.6.4 Ditron Dental Revenue in Dental Implant Abutment Systems Business (2014-2019)
12.6.5 Ditron Dental Recent Development
12.7 Friadent
12.7.1 Friadent Company Details
12.7.2 Company Description and Business Overview
12.7.3 Dental Implant Abutment Systems Introduction
12.7.4 Friadent Revenue in Dental Implant Abutment Systems Business (2014-2019)
12.7.5 Friadent Recent Development
12.8 Glidewell Laboratories
12.8.1 Glidewell Laboratories Company Details
12.8.2 Company Description and Business Overview
12.8.3 Dental Implant Abutment Systems Introduction
12.8.4 Glidewell Laboratories Revenue in Dental Implant Abutment Systems Business (2014-2019)
12.8.5 Glidewell Laboratories Recent Development
12.9 Cendres+Metaux
12.9.1 Cendres+Metaux Company Details
12.9.2 Company Description and Business Overview
12.9.3 Dental Implant Abutment Systems Introduction
12.9.4 Cendres+Metaux Revenue in Dental Implant Abutment Systems Business (2014-2019)
12.9.5 Cendres+Metaux Recent Development
12.10 Adin
12.10.1 Adin Company Details
12.10.2 Company Description and Business Overview
12.10.3 Dental Implant Abutment Systems Introduction
12.10.4 Adin Revenue in Dental Implant Abutment Systems Business (2014-2019)
12.10.5 Adin Recent Development
12.11 Bioconcept
12.12 Cortex Dental

13 Market Forecast 2019-2025
13.1 Market Size Forecast by Regions
13.2 United States
13.3 Europe
13.4 China
13.5 Japan
13.6 Southeast Asia
13.7 India
13.8 Central & South America
13.9 Market Size Forecast by Product (2019-2025)
13.10 Market Size Forecast by Application (2019-2025)

14 Analyst’s Viewpoints/Conclusions

15 Appendix
15.1 Research Methodology
15.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
15.1.1.1 Research Programs/Design
15.1.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
15.1.2 Data Source
15.1.2.1 Secondary Sources
15.1.2.2 Primary Sources
15.2 Disclaimer
15.3 Author Details

List of Tables and Figures

Table Dental Implant Abutment Systems Key Market Segments
Table Key Players Dental Implant Abutment Systems Covered
Table Global Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size Growth Rate by Type 2014-2025 (Million US$)
Figure Global Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size Market Share by Type 2014-2025
Figure Stock/Prefabricated Abutment Systems Figures
Table Key Players of Stock/Prefabricated Abutment Systems
Figure Custom Abutment Systems Figures
Table Key Players of Custom Abutment Systems
Table Global Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size Growth by Application 2014-2025 (Million US$)
Figure Hospitals Case Studies
Figure Dental Clinics Case Studies
Figure Others Case Studies
Figure Dental Implant Abutment Systems Report Years Considered
Table Global Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size 2014-2025 (Million US$)
Figure Global Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size and Growth Rate 2014-2025 (Million US$)
Table Global Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size by Regions 2014-2025 (Million US$)
Table Global Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size by Regions 2014-2019 (Million US$)
Table Global Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Share by Regions 2019
Table Market Top Trends
Table Global Dental Implant Abutment Systems Revenue by Manufacturers (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Global Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Global Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Share by Manufacturers in 2018
Table Global Dental Implant Abutment Systems Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table Key Players Head office and Area Served
Table Key Players Dental Implant Abutment Systems Product/Solution/Service
Table Date of Enter into Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market
Table Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table Global Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size by Type (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Global Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure Global Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Table Global Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size by Application (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Global Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure Global Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure Global Dental Implant Abutment Systems Revenue Market Share by Application in 2018
Figure United States Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size 2014-2019 (Million US$)
Table United States Key Players Dental Implant Abutment Systems Revenue (2018-2019) (Million US$)
Table United States Key Players Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Share (2018-2019)
Table United States Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size by Type (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table United States Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Table United States Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size by Application (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table United States Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure Europe Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size 2014-2019 (Million US$)
Table Europe Key Players Dental Implant Abutment Systems Revenue (2018-2019) (Million US$)
Table Europe Key Players Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Share (2018-2019)
Table Europe Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size by Type (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Europe Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Table Europe Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size by Application (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Europe Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure China Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size 2014-2019 (Million US$)
Table China Key Players Dental Implant Abutment Systems Revenue (2018-2019) (Million US$)
Table China Key Players Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Share (2018-2019)
Table China Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size by Type (2014-20189) (Million US$)
Table China Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Table China Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size by Application (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table China Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure Japan Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size 2014-2019 (Million US$)
Table Japan Key Players Dental Implant Abutment Systems Revenue (2018-2019) (Million US$)
Table Japan Key Players Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Share (2018-2019)
Table Japan Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size by Type (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Japan Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Table Japan Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size by Application (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Japan Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure Southeast Asia Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size 2014-2019 (Million US$)
Table Southeast Asia Key Players Dental Implant Abutment Systems Revenue (2018-2019) (Million US$)
Table Southeast Asia Key Players Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Share (2018-2019)
Table Southeast Asia Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size by Type (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Southeast Asia Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Table Southeast Asia Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size by Application (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Southeast Asia Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure India Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size 2014-2019 (Million US$)
Table India Key Players Dental Implant Abutment Systems Revenue (2018-2019) (Million US$)
Table India Key Players Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Share (2018-2019)
Table India Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size by Type (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table India Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Table India Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size by Application (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table India Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure Central & South America Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size 2014-2019 (Million US$)
Table Central & South America Key Players Dental Implant Abutment Systems Revenue (2018-2019) (Million US$)
Table Central & South America Key Players Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Share (2018-2019)
Table Central & South America Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size by Type (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Central & South America Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Table Central & South America Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size by Application (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Central & South America Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Table Zest Anchors Company Details
Table Zest Anchors Revenue in Dental Implant Abutment Systems Business (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure Zest Anchors Revenue Growth Rate in Dental Implant Abutment Systems Business (2014-2019)
Table Zest Anchors Recent Development
Table Zimmer Dental Company Details
Table Zimmer Dental Revenue in Dental Implant Abutment Systems Business (2014-2019)(Million US$)
Figure Zimmer Dental Revenue Growth Rate in Dental Implant Abutment Systems Business (2014-2019)
Table Zimmer Dental Recent Development
Table Nobel Biocare Services Company Details
Table Nobel Biocare Services Revenue in Dental Implant Abutment Systems Business (2014-2019)(Million US$)
Figure Nobel Biocare Services Revenue Growth Rate in Dental Implant Abutment Systems Business (2014-2019)
Table Nobel Biocare Services Recent Development
Table Dynamic Abutment Solutions Company Details
Table Dynamic Abutment Solutions Revenue in Dental Implant Abutment Systems Business (2014-2019)(Million US$)
Figure Dynamic Abutment Solutions Revenue Growth Rate in Dental Implant Abutment Systems Business (2014-2019)
Table Dynamic Abutment Solutions Recent Development
Table Institut Straumann Company Details
Table Institut Straumann Revenue in Dental Implant Abutment Systems Business (2014-2019)(Million US$)
Figure Institut Straumann Revenue Growth Rate in Dental Implant Abutment Systems Business (2014-2019)
Table Institut Straumann Recent Development
Table Ditron Dental Company Details
Table Ditron Dental Revenue in Dental Implant Abutment Systems Business (2014-2019)(Million US$)
Figure Ditron Dental Revenue Growth Rate in Dental Implant Abutment Systems Business (2014-2019)
Table Ditron Dental Recent Development
Table Friadent Company Details
Table Friadent Revenue in Dental Implant Abutment Systems Business (2014-2019)(Million US$)
Figure Friadent Revenue Growth Rate in Dental Implant Abutment Systems Business (2014-2019)
Table Friadent Recent Development
Table Glidewell Laboratories Company Details
Table Glidewell Laboratories Revenue in Dental Implant Abutment Systems Business (2014-2019)(Million US$)
Figure Glidewell Laboratories Revenue Growth Rate in Dental Implant Abutment Systems Business (2014-2019)
Table Glidewell Laboratories Recent Development
Table Cendres+Metaux Company Details
Table Cendres+Metaux Revenue in Dental Implant Abutment Systems Business (2014-2019)(Million US$)
Figure Cendres+Metaux Revenue Growth Rate in Dental Implant Abutment Systems Business (2014-2019)
Table Cendres+Metaux Recent Development
Table Adin Company Details
Table Adin Revenue in Dental Implant Abutment Systems Business (2014-2019)(Million US$)
Figure Adin Revenue Growth Rate in Dental Implant Abutment Systems Business (2014-2019)
Table Adin Recent Development
Table Bioconcept Company Details
Table Cortex Dental Company Details
Table Global Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size by Regions (Million US$) 2019-2025
Figure Global Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size Share by Regions (2019-2025)
Figure Global Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size Share by Regions in 2025
Figure United States Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size Forecast (2019-2025)(Million USD)
Figure Europe Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size Forecast (2019-2025)(Million USD)
Figure China Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size Forecast (2019-2025)(Million USD)
Figure Japan Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size Forecast (2019-2025)(Million USD)
Figure Southeast Asia Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size Forecast (2019-2025)(Million USD)
Figure India Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size Forecast (2019-2025)(Million USD)
Figure Central & South America Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size Forecast (2019-2025)(Million USD)
Table Global Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size by Product (2019-2025) (Million US$)
Figure Global Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size by Product (2019-2025)
Figure Global Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size by Product in 2025
Table Global Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size by Application (2019-2025) (Million US$)
Figure Global Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size by Application (2019-2025)
Figure Global Dental Implant Abutment Systems Market Size by Application in 2025
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources